Popularity Of Superhero Comics - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 588 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Superhero Essay Did you like this example? Superhero comics have been popular and on the market for decades; dating back to 1934 when Mandrake the Magician was created; few years later the well known Superman. These heroes were perfect; they had no flaws to what they could do and always won. But there was someone who was unsatisfied with that; someone who thought even superheroes should have flaws. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Popularity Of Superhero Comics" essay for you Create order That man, was Stan Lee. Bob Iger said in a statement, Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created. A superhero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world(DZurilla). Stan Lee lived the American dream as a hero;starting from his background,his hardships, and the achievements he earned. Starting with the beginning;his childhood and his hardships. Stan Lee, original name being Stan Martin Lieber, was born to first generation jewish immigrants, Celia and Jack Lieber on December 28th, 1922, New York, Ny.(Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica) Growing up, Lee had many interests;as said by LA Review of Books,Lee was interested in reading, writing, and drawing he was enthralled by the action films of Errol Flynn(Yogerst). Stan would start getting inspiration from these thing and would write and create drawings to capture the ideas he had in his head. The Great depression hit in the 1930s and it was hard for his family to get income because the job percentage was so low. His dad struggled for years to find a job which made a big impact on Stan.(Yogerst)   Lee graduated highschool at 16 and became an editorial assistant for Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, who would later create the infamous Captain America, at Timely Comics.Lee started to make a name for himself when he wrote a part for Captain America Comics #3 in May 1941. Later in 1942, he moved up to editor. He started writing scripts for the company as Stan Lee;which he later changed his name to and what we would all know him as today. As said by LA Review of books, His luck continued with Simon and Kirbys and Lees promotion to head of Goodmans comics division(Yogerst). Later on Stan Lee served in World War II in the United States Army Signal Corps and remained stationed in The United States(Yogerst). He wanted to continue working on his writing skills so Marvel hired a temporary replacement and made it easier for him to write without restrictions. Lee was able to draw promotional artwork for his comics and wanted to entertain audiences through a bunch of media and not just comics. Marvel started to go down in sales   and Stan frantically was reaching out to creators to get new ideas. Lee and Jack Kirby decided on creating The Fantastic Four and released the first comic in November 1961. Later other memorable characters would be created; such as, Spiderman (1962), Iron Man (1963), Thor (also 1962), and many more fantastic, game changing characters that will inspire other Artists for centuries. Stan lee has won The Life Career Award,Bill Finger Award, PGA Vanguard Award, Harvey Award, and a National Media of arts in 2008. Lee has went into the hall of fame for Jack Kirby and Will Eisner.   (Britannica) Stan lee has changed the lives of many, went through troubling times, and has many achievements to show he has lived the American Dream. Lee has created idols for generations young and old, but have made them more human by giving them flaws and imperfections. Even after passing, from children to adults, people will remember this man who changed the Media industry forever.

Beowulf Is The Longest Epic Poem - 1316 Words

Beowulf is the longest epic poem written in Old English. The story centers around the exploits of Beowulf, a heroic warrior known for his strength and bravery. The theme of heroism is prevalent throughout the poem through the use of conflict between good and evil forces. Beowulf is often engaged in selfless conquests in the pursuit of saving others, resulting in his emergence as the hero of the story. The text, while focusing on the main theme of heroism, is divided into two main parts, Beowulf as a young warrior and Beowulf as an experienced ruler. Heroism presents itself as both a virtue and a flaw for Beowulf; although it allows him to become a celebrated warrior, it is also what leads to his downfall as a ruler. The poem opens by illustrating the importance of courage, the ultimate form of greatness to the Danes. â€Å"So. The Spear-Danes in days gone by and the kings who ruled them had courage and greatness. We have heard of those princes heroic campaigns.’† (lines 1-3) In warrior culture, heroism and bravery are celebrated above all else. All great kings of the past were known for their heroism. Before ever becoming king, young Beowulf is renowned as a great warrior for his immense strength and courage in battle. Beowulf while known for his mastery of combat also fulfills his social obligations. He demonstrates virtues such as proper mannerisms, loyalty, courtesy, and pride all of which are dictated by the Germanic heroic code. He often demonstrates these virtues as theShow MoreRelatedBeowulf Is The Longest Epic Poem1239 Words   |  5 Pages Beowulf is the longest epic poem written in old english ever published. The composition centres around the exploits of Beowulf, a heroic warrior known for his strength and bravery. Themes of heroism are prevalent in the famous piece of literature in relation to its noble protagonist. The poem follows an adventurous plot containing conflict between both good and evil forces. Beowulf is often engaged in selfles s conquests in the pursuit of saving others from evil forces, resulting in his emergenceRead MoreTheme Of Paganism In Beowulf1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe longest epic poem ever written in the genre of Old English is â€Å"Beowulf†, it has been composed in the native language as spoken during the Anglo-Saxon reign in England, preceding the Norman Conquest. Beowulf is regarded as a classic tale which relates the defeat of evil and triumph of good. The poem is divided into three acts. Christian and Pagan Influences in Beowulf: The Pagan deities, rituals as well as pagan ideas influenced Beowulf, when it was being created, though the passing down ofRead More12 Literary Piece1670 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity originating from Palestine and Greece 2. Koran: The Muslim bible originating from Arabia 3. The Iliad and the Odyssey: These have been the source of Myths and Legends of Greece. They were written by Homer. 4. The Mahabharata: The Longest epic of the world. It contains the history of religion in India. 5. Canterburry: it depicts the religion and customs of English in early days. This originated from England and written by Chaucer. 6. Uncle Toms Cabin: written by Harriet BeecherRead MoreGood vs. Evil in Beowulf1456 Words   |  6 PagesGood vs. Evil in Beowulf Beowulf is longest and greatest early Anglo-Saxon poem which was composed in England sometime in the eighth century AD by a literate scop. This poem was created in the oral poetic tradition. This poem is considered as an epic because it is a long narrative poem which composed in an elevated style, dealing with the glories of hero (Tolkien 24). The setting of this epic is the six century in Denmark and southern Sweden. The protagonist, Beowulf is a noble warrior representsRead MoreBeowulf And The Anglo Saxon Period1740 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf The original poem, Beowulf, goes back to the Anglo-Saxon period in c. 650 and c.1100. Authors translated Beowulf many times in the Anglo-Saxon period to present day. It displays how a hero should be in the real world. He helps the people in the village and slays monsters. Everyone in the village looks up to him as he acts as if he were a role model. Beowulf, the protagonist in the translated Beowulf by Seamus Heaney, is a hero of his village, stands for bravery, strong will, and noblenessRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Literature Was Composed Between The Years 6501510 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween the years 650 and 1110. Beowulf is one of the most famous epics written during this time. It’s also known as the oldest surviving Germanic epic and the longest Old English poem. Most stories written during this time were about the deeds of warriors, heroic acts, and religion. Beowulf is a warrior from the Geats who is asked to come protect king Hrothgar from an attack by a sea monster named G rendel. All of these characters are men. There are very few epics from this time that put any focusRead MoreBeowulf Research Paper991 Words   |  4 Pagespaper over Beowulf, the story of a warrior from ancient times when monsters, goblins, and demons still plagued the Earth that we live on still today. Beowulf was a tall tale told for many, years to children before they fell asleep at night. Its a story that has been around from 720-796 a.d. And hasnt gotten old yet, because it inspires people and tells people what real hero’ s are capable of and what theyre made of and the limits they can surpass all on their own will and strength. Beowulf isnt justRead MoreThe Epic : An Analysis Of The Epic Of Beowulf701 Words   |  3 PagesBeowulf is one of the longest surviving Anglo-Saxon poem. The epic takes place in the sixth century in what is now Denmark and Sweden. The poem opens with Hrothgar, whose successful rule is signified by a glorious mead-hall called Heorot. For 12 years, a massive man-like ogre named Grendel, a descendant of Cain, has raided Heorot and killed the kings warriors. Beowulf, a young warrior from Geatland (Sweden), comes to Hrothgar’s aid, bringing 14 of his best men with him. At a feast before the endRead MoreGrendel and Fictional Hero Beowulf796 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf: The Author’s Insight to Characters in the Story Beowulf, the longest surviving poem in Old English and one of the earliest European epics written in the vernacular, tells of the journeys of the fictional hero Beowulf. The first part of the story tells of Beowulfs adventures in Denmark, where he battled the monstrous creature Grendel and his mother (also a creature) on behalf of King Hrothgar, the King of Danes. The second part of the story narrates his later life, including his fightRead More Is Beowulf an Heroic Elegy or an Epic Narrative? Essay4711 Words   |  19 PagesIs Beowulf   an Heroic Elegy or an Epic Narrative?      Ã‚  Ã‚   There is considerable debate as to whether the poem Beowulf is an epic narrative poem or an heroic elegy. Which is it. This essay intends to present both sides of the story.    Some great literary scholars think that the poem is an heroic elegy, celebrating the fantastic achievements of its great hero, and also expressing sorrow or lamentation for the hero’s unfortunate death. In â€Å"Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics† Tolkien states:

Bringing Out the Best in Others Free Essays

string(24) " stuck with an impasse\." When I arrived home after being promoted as the CAD (Computer-aided design) Manager of our company, I had great difficulty going to sleep. It felt as though I was on top of the world and the exhilaration I felt was intensified as I looked back to the years when I first set foot in America. I was an eighteen-year-old lad then and I was very anxious to get assimilated into American society. We will write a custom essay sample on Bringing Out the Best in Others or any similar topic only for you Order Now My entire family and clan had high hopes that somehow I would make it good in a foreign land. Fear of failure probably gave me a head start as my drive and determination to climb the corporate ladder was so strong: I immersed myself in the study of American English and culture more than my other compatriots did. I worked and studied at the same time hoping that my academic credentials and relentless drive to succeed would open doors for me. Fortunately, I was not disappointed. One after the other, the doors of opportunity began to open. I found work to finance my schooling and when I was through with my schooling I immediately found work as CAD Drafter. Little by little, my superiors took notice of my technical and programming skills. Perhaps, over and above these skills, what really made my superiors realize that I was intent on moving up was my refusal to give up when the team seemed to have run into a blank wall. I always kept trying to figure a way out of the problem long after the others in the team had already given up. Indeed, there were a lot of instances when my plain stubbornness solved a difficult problem. Now, as a CAD Manager, I am determined that this same persistence could again one day give me another shot at a higher position. Besides, I am convinced that I have to be particularly quick to recognize the existence of the same trait in my subordinates. I know that a worker with a drive similar to mine would make a difference in the accomplishment of tasks. After literally burning the lines breaking the news back home through an overseas call, I sat in my apartment and asked myself, now what? I realized that having been promoted is not the end of the road. Instead, I was given another uncertain road to trek. This time, the rules are different; the expectations are higher and the demands are also certainly harder. That very night, my elation slowly gave way to apprehension. Even then, I congratulated myself for a job well done and steeled myself for another formidable challenge to be hurdled. I took stock of the team assigned to me and wondered if I could really be an effective leader considering that I have risen from the ranks. Immediately, Mr. Tom Higen came to mind. Like me, he rose from the ranks such that he knows virtually everything about CAD. I silently resolved that I would pattern my management style after his. Mr. Higen would be my role model and mentor. To lead the team effectively, I knew that I had to know the members of my team on a deeper level. John Maxwell (2001) writes that successful people-developers make the right assumptions about people, ask the right questions about people and gives the right assistance to people (p. 143). I felt that Mr. Tom Higen demonstrated this trait in his dealings with us. Indeed, he is a very focused worker and yet found time to bond with us, his subordinates. It is true that in my other jobs, I also had superiors who would ask how I was doing almost every time they met me in the lobby or elevator. Yet when one is not sincere, the phony nature of the question somehow gets through and I often had the feeling that they would ask what I was doing not because they really cared about what I was doing but because they could not find any other statement to break the ice. When Mr. Higen asked how I and my other colleagues were doing, I could immediately sense that he was not mouthing a perfunctory, one-liner as some sort of lip-service to what they call corporate bonding. I could feel that he was sincere in asking the question and without much reservation or hesitation, I and my colleagues could discuss with him our personal problems and eventually we would move on to discussing with him work issues and difficulties. While the presence of other superiors would make us uneasy, Mr. Tom Higen’s presence would be a welcome treat as we found in him an ear that was ready to listen. Realizing that I should also try to establish a strong bond with subordinates, I made it a point that in our weekly meetings, I would ensure that I would arrive at the conference room 30 minutes ahead of schedule. While waiting for the other team members to arrive, I would ask how one’s child was doing or how one was coping with a new-found hobby or sports activity. In these sessions, I was able to gauge whether a subordinate’s performance is being affected by a domestic problem. Once, Matt Cavaness, a Senior CAD Specialist who is an exuberant guy suddenly became withdrawn and failed to meet a deadline twice. It is in one of these pre-conference talks that he disclosed that his 1-year-old daughter kept getting ill and the doctors could not give a final diagnosis. I remarked, â€Å"Now I see why you aren’t your usual self. I will pray that no serious illness has befallen your daughter. I think he was so touched and relieved by my statement that his concentration at work was restored. Now, when the two of us have one-on-one discussion about production issues, we would outdo each other in saying, you are not your usual self, when we are stuck with an impasse. You read "Bringing Out the Best in Others" in category "Papers" I would say I started to gain the trust and loyalty of Matt by that thoughtful remark. It is indeed surprising how such a seemingly insignificant gesture could pave the way to a strong bond of professionalism and friendship. I think that in this instance, I took the step in making the right assumptions about people as John Maxwell suggested. I discovered what is valued by my team mate and knowing what he values, I use it as a means of connecting with his inner self. I began to see him in a different light and became more understanding of his previous lapses. Another positive result of my pre-conference talks with my subordinates was the fact that whenever I set a meeting or discussion, nobody would get late as what happens in other departments. Since they all know that I always arrive at the venue 30 minutes ahead of time, they either arrive at the venue 30 minutes ahead of schedule or be at the meeting place at least 10 minutes before the sessions. They surely find it embarrassing to keep me waiting. Since I want all meetings and all outputs to be delivered on time, I must ensure that I myself demonstrate this demand in my very own work ethic. This management practice bolstered my integrity, a quality which Maxwell regards as the most important ingredient of leadership (p. 49). Taking off from such a fruitful pre-conference talks with Matt, I also resolved to know the other members of the team in a deeper way: Gunilla and Miguel, the Senior CAD Specialists and Ramon and Olive, the Project Cad Specialists. By knowing a lot about their personal circumstances, I believe that I could sincerely engage them in conversations that would delve on both the personal and professional aspect of the employee. I familiarized myself with the personal background of my teammates. I even took pains to memorize the number of children that my subordinates had and ensured that I could at least remember their names. When an employee would come in to refer an issue, I would make it a point to begin with a small talk about the employees current personal undertakings. This went on for quite some time until one of them remarked, â€Å"You’re bent on becoming a Mr Higen, aren’t you? † I was dumbfounded by the man’s perspicacity. With that I suddenly came to realize that perhaps my aping Mr. Higen was being counterproductive. Instead of seeing me as a superior who is as caring and concerned as Tom, I was coming across as phony and a copy-cat. Surprisingly, when I ceased trying to become a clone of Mr. Higen, I suddenly became more relaxed in my conversations that the spontaneity and warmth of my concern as a superior showed through. My co-workers began to like me and began opening up to me as a person and as a professional. My inhibitions and my mental cues to be like Mr. Higen eventually gave way to a more relaxed and natural way of dealing with my subordinates. I began to have a very caring attitude towards my subordinates. I have begun to accept that I am who I am in my own unique way and not through the ideal of some other person. While I am resolved to pay forward the kindness of my superior, I am also obliged to remain true to my identity. This is the only way I could safeguard my identity as a unique individual. After having impressed my subordinates about my concern for their personal and professional welfare, I was dead-set on ensuring that they would throw in their unconditional support in the attainment of our goals. I believed that one sure way of motivating them towards this managerial objective of mine is to gather the input of each member in how to attain the goal in the best and fastest way possible. Again, meetings were in order. The first two projects that were finished in this manner truly went fine and ahead of schedule. However, when each team member became less inhibited in voicing his opinion, we eventually came to a point when we could no longer agree as to which is the best course of action to take. As the leader, I would moderate and resolve issues and made sure that the exchange of ideas did not become a clash of personalities. It came to a point when I could no longer reconcile opinions that in one project, we were at a gridlock and time was running out. I eventually realized that even when management principles require the input of subordinates, my role as the manager would have to be exercised with firmness and finality to avoid such impasse. Nonetheless, to soothe feelings that might have been hurt by my choice of a course of action over another, I would announce that a particular course of action is what we ought to follow as an exercise of my management prerogative but once it would not turn out to be the best, we would resort to another suggestion later. I realized that even when inputs are sought from subordinates, I, the manager, still have the final say as to the direction that we would take. By doing this I take on accountability and responsibility if anything goes awry and not the subordinate who offered the suggestion. Indeed, decision-making remains my call in spite of the fact that suggestions from subordinates have been solicited. I am technically proficient in all the programs related to drafting and I keep abreast of all the modern software related to CAD. Thus, my co-workers could always count one me to give them the correct and updated technical advice. I relished being the perennial technical point person until I realized that my availability and dependability on the technical side of our work has become counter-productive. I eventually sensed that as the CAD Manager, I should be focusing on other aspects of production. In fact, I should not bother myself too much with the technical work as an employee was already assigned to specifically attend to it. I must have made myself too available for consultation than I should that Olive kept coming to me for inputs for projects assigned to her. Her importuning consumed a considerable amount of time and having become aware of this I made sure that it somehow has to end. The next time that Olivia came for the usual technical consultation, I pretended that I was on my way out for a business lunch with a client. Throughout the day, I made sure that I could not be contacted by her. As the project was due at 5 pm on that day, Olivia was forced to study the technical material herself. In doing so, she was able to solve her problem. I believe that after two other unsuccessful attempts to get my opinion on a project she was doing, Olivia finally resolved to finish the project all by herself. From then on, realizing that her attempts to consult me midway through a project was merely time-consuming, Olivia finally decided to do her work on her own as well. I realized that by making myself too available, I was not leading my team. I was in fact pitching in for the work that they should have been doing in the first place. Besides, the practice has not resulted in Olivia being able to do the project all by herself. I was teaching her but I did not intend the process to be a repeated activity as she had to be weaned from my constant supervision. I wanted her to be a self-directed or independent employee who is able to reach her goal with minimal or without supervision. This must be what Maxwell had in mind is his admonition to give the right assistance to people. The assistance I was giving Olivia at the start was not the right kind as it had the tendency to make her complacent and dependent. Looking back, I also became aware that my Transition Skill was inadequate. Catapulted to a managerial position, I realized that I would have to go beyond the technical and programming skills and instead hone my managerial skills. I have to make sure that my technical skills are as impeccable as my managerial skills. I needed to learn fast how I could best bring about the best in my five subordinates. Due to the fact that I sometimes had to go on business trips that would take at least a couple of days of absence, I had to delegate some of my tasks. In delegating selected tasks, I would see to it that the job that is delegated is the area where the employee excels. However, I rely on Matt to make the crucial decisions when decisions have to be made immediately. I once thought that delegating tasks is not liked by most subordinates as it would seem to be an additional burden. I learned that in delegating tasks, I have to make the other person realize that delegation is an affirmation of my trust and confidence. I would begin my delegation spiel with the phrase, â€Å"This is a vital process which, I believe, is best done by you. † This statement makes the person warm up to the idea of the responsibility and he would gladly accept the task without much hesitation. Although I do delegate certain tasks, I still ensure that I am still on top of everything by periodic calls or when absolutely needed, I would have those with delegated tasks discuss matters with me via teleconference. Going back to the admonition of Maxwell about making the right assumptions about people, I found that I have unstated assumptions about people and no matter how I try hard not to make an assumption for fear of being prejudiced, the human mind is always classifying or making categories about things and about other people. For example, I treat my two Filipino subordinates, Miguel and Ramon, the way I treat myself. That is, as immigrants like me, I know that like me, they are in a make or break situation such that no matter how adverse the circumstances may be, they will gladly pitch in to help. With this in mind, I give them work that is at times higher or more demanding than that being done by the rest. These two Filipinos always deliver quality work on time. Indeed, people have a way of living up or down to your opinion of them (Maxwell, 147). While assigning work to these two individuals, I always ensure that I are to listen to what is going on with their families. Aware perhaps that I always seek the best for them and their families, I am amply rewarded by their efforts to always bring out the best in themselves. Maxwell says further, â€Å"People do not care how much you know until they know how much you care† (147). The same holds true for Matt and Gunilla. I found that even if they are hard-pressed for time, they would normally respond with enthusiasm to a new project once I had recognized their needs both on the professional and the personal level. For Matt, mere mention of his CD rock collection would send him rattling off album titles since he knows them by heart. I once bought a rock CD for him and he was beside himself with joy. That I should bother with my time to go looking for his type of music was such a profound joy for him. Gunilla on the other hand, loves gardening. Although I do not have much time for late night meetings, I gave her an unexpected visit. I found her busy puttering in the garden. She was ecstatic when I gave her a book about gardening. By the way she enthusiastically responded to my questions, I knew right there and then that I could count on her when it was time to get things done. While I was quite successful with the first four team members, I was a dismal failure when it came to Olivia. It was not because I couldn’t find anything that would make her respond with enthusiasm or anything that would be a common hobby at the stage of her life. Whenever her attention was called to certain lapses, she would accept it with a stony face, pout and then start working on a new task. At first I secretly resented it. However, I eventually confronted her about it and she had a litany of woes as an excuse. To ensure that she is able to produce as much as her fellow employees, I paired her off with Matt Cavaness. Nonetheless, she would not change her habits. Before I could think of another technique to make her more productive, she transferred to another company. My experiences with these people have so far been fruitful. In order to bring out the best in them, I need to show them my best side as well. I am a veritable role model in the department where I work. Aside from this, I must show them my utmost concern for them. By working together and at the same time valuing one another, synergy is achieved and more work is done or accomplished. REFERENCE Maxwell J. C (1971). Developing the leader within you. Nashville, Tennessee: Nelson Publishers How to cite Bringing Out the Best in Others, Papers

Alfred Tennyson and His Work Essay Example For Students

Alfred Tennyson and His Work Essay Alfred Tennyson and His WorkAlfred Tennyson was born on August 6th, 1809, at Somersby, Lincolnshire,fourth of twelve children of George and Elizabeth Tennyson. Tennyson, said tobe the best poet of the Victorian era and his poetry will be discussed in thisessay. Tennyson had a lifelong fear of mental illness, because several men inhis family had a mild form of epilepsy, which then was thought of as a shamefuldisease. His father and brother Arthur made their epilepsy worse by excessivedrinking. His brother Edward had to be put in a mental institution after 1833,and he spent a few weeks himself under doctors care in 1843. In the latetwenties his fathers physical and mental condition got worse, and he becameparanoid, abusive, and violent. In 1827 Tennyson escaped his troubled home when he followed his twoolder brothers to Trinity College, Cambridge, where his teacher was WilliamWhewell. Because each of them had won university prizes for poetry the Tennysonbrothers became well known at Cambridge. In 1829 The Apostles, an undergraduateclub, invited him to join. The members of this group would remain Tennysonsfriends all his life. Arthur Hallam was the most important of these friendships. Hallam, abrilliant Victorian young man was recognized by his peers as having unusualpromise. He and Tennyson knew each other only four years, but their intensefriendship had a major influence on the poet. On a visit to Somersby, Hallammet and later became engaged to Emily Tennyson, and the two friends lookedforward to a life-long companionship. Hallam died from illness in 1833 at theage of 22 and shocked Tennyson profoundly. His grief lead to most of his bestpoetry, including In Memoriam, The Passing of Arthur, Ulysses, andTithonus. Since Tennyson was always sensitive to criticism, The bad reviews of his1832 poems hurt him greatly. Critics in those days took great joy in theharshness of their reviews. John Wilson Crokers harsh criticisms of some ofthe poems he wrote kept Tennyson from publishing again for another nine years. The success of his 1842 poems made Tennyson a popular poet, and in 1845he got a government pension of 200 pounds a year, which helped him with hisfinancial difficulties. The success of The Princess and In Memoriam and hisappointment as Poet Laureate in 1850 finally established him as the most popularpoet of the Victorian era. By now Tennyson, only 41, had written some of his greatest poetry, buthe continued to write and to gain popularity. Prince Albert admired his poetryso much that he would drop by unexpectedly to here some of Tennysons poetry. This helped solidify his position as the national poet, and Tennyson returnedthe favour by dedicating The Idylls of the King to his memory. Tennyson suffered from extreme short-sightedness so without a monocle hecould not even see to eat. This made for difficult reading and writing, andthis is why he composed a lot of his poetry in his head. Sometimes he wouldwork on a single poem for many years. Every aspect of the Victorian era were found in his poetry. His poetrycovered a large range of subjects such as moral and religious problems in histime. His poems also discuss the events of his day The Charge of the LightBrigade and The Death of the Duke of Wellington are two poems of this typethat show the emotion of the nation. Tennysons work is appreciated perhaps for the sheer beauty of hiswriting, his descriptions of the natural world and of the landscape-most oftenthe Lincolnshire countryside which he grew up in: Calm and deep peace on this high wold, And on these dews that drench the furze, And all the silvery gossamers That twinkle into green and gold (Culler, A. Dwight, pg. 39)The public side of Tennysons work is now valued less than his morepersonal poetry. He writes about how reality destroys the ideal world as inThe Lady of Shalott. Frequently, Tennysons personal worries were the sameas those of the time. For example, the way he describes Sir Bediveres reactionto the death of King Arthur in Morte DArthur. Tennyson expresses SirBediveres problem, caught in a changing world and with stable traditionsdisappearing fast. For now I see the true old times are dead(Culler, A. .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 , .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 .postImageUrl , .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 , .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559:hover , .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559:visited , .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559:active { border:0!important; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559:active , .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559 .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u16d2e13cc40a8f6fa59777603a9b9559:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sophocles' Antigone - Creon is Donig the Right Thi EssayDwight, pg. 47): And I, the last, go forth companionless, And the days darken round me, and the years, Among new men, strange faces, other minds. (Culler, A. Dwight, pg. 48)Probably his greatest poem is In Memoriam, published in 1850, thoughwritten over the previous seventeen years. He started writing it after theyouthful death of his best friend, Arthur Hallam. His death led Tennyson toquestion the purpose of life and the importance of death. In Memoriam isalmost like a poetic diary since all events are linked to Hallam and to thequestion of death. They say its the uncertainty of the poem that makes it sogood. The twentieth century poet T. S. Eliot said of it, Its faith is a verypoor thing, but its doubt is a very intense experience. The intensity, thedoubt, the beauty: all are typical of Tennyson. Long-lived like most of his family, no matter how unhealthy they seemedto be, Alfred, Lord Tennyson died on October 6, 1892, at the age of 83. Bibliography1. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Knowledge (1978)2. Culler, A. Dwight, The Poetry of Tennyson (1977)3. Nicolson, Harold, Tennyson: Aspects of His Life, Character, and Poetry(1972)4. Software Toolworks Multimedia Encyclopedia (1992) English

First And Second Reconstructions Essays - Reconstruction Era

First and Second Reconstructions The First and Second Reconstructions held out the great promise of rectifying racial injustices in America. The First Reconstruction, emerging out of the chaos of the Civil War had as its goals equality for Blacks in voting, politics, and use of public facilities. The Second Reconstruction emerging out of the booming economy of the 1950's, had as its goals, integration, the end of Jim Crow and the more amorphous goal of making America a biracial democracy where, "the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave holders will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood." Even though both movements, were borne of high hopes they failed in bringing about their goals. Born in hope, they died in despair, as both movements saw many of their gains washed away. I propose to examine why they failed in realizing their goals. My thesis is that failure to incorporate economic justice for Blacks in both movements led to the failure of the First and Second Reconstruction. The First Reconstruction came after the Civil War and lasted till 1877. The political, social, and economic conditions after the Civil War defined the goals of the First Reconstruction. At this time the Congress was divided politically on issues that grew out of the Civil War: Black equality, rebuilding the South, readmitting Southern states to Union, and deciding who would control government.1 Socially, the South was in chaos. Newly emancipated slaves wandered the South after having left their former masters, and the White population was spiritually devastated, uneasy about what lay ahead. Economically, the South was also devastated: plantations lay ruined, railroads torn up, the system of slave labor in shambles, and cities burnt down. The economic condition of ex-slaves after the Civil War was just as uncertain; many had left former masters and roamed the highways.2 Amid the post Civil War chaos, various political groups were scrambling to further their agendas. First, Southern Democrats, a party comprised of leaders of the confederacy and other wealthy Southern whites, sought to end what they perceived as Northern domination of the South. They also sought to institute Black Codes, by limiting the rights of Blacks to move, vote, travel, and change jobs,3 which like slavery, would provide an adequate and cheap labor supply for plantations. Second, Moderate Republicans wanted to pursue a policy of reconciliation between North and South, but at the same time ensure slavery was abolished.4 Third, Radical Republicans, comprised of Northern politicians, were strongly opposed to slavery, unsympathetic to the South, wanted to protect newly free slaves, and keep there majority in Congress.5 The fourth political element, at the end of the Civil War was President Andrew Johnson whose major goal was unifying the nation. The fifth element were various fringe groups such as, abolitionists and Quakers. Strongly motivated by principle and a belief in equality, they believed that Blacks needed equality in American society, although they differed on what the nature of that should be.6 The Northern Radical Republicans, with a majority in Congress, emerged as the political group that set the goals for Reconstruction which was to prevent slavery from rising again in the South. At first, the Radical Republicans thought this could be accomplished by outlawing slavery with the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment. But Southern Democrats in their quest to restore their rule in the South brought back slavery in all but name, by passing Black Codes as early as 1865. Both Moderate Republicans and Radical Republicans in Congress reacted. Joining together in 1866, they passed a bill to extend the life and responsibilities of the Freedmen's Bureau to protect newly freed slaves against the various Black Codes. President Johnson vetoed the bill, but Radical and Moderate Republicans eventually were able to pass it.7 The Black Codes and President Johnson's veto of all Reconstruction legislation that was unfavorable to the South caused Moderate and Radical Republicans to change their goals from just ending slavery to seeking political equality and voting rights for Blacks.8 The new goals, were based on humanitarian and political considerations. Northerners had grown increasingly sympathetic to the plight of the Blacks in the South following numerous well publicized incidents in which innocent Blacks were harassed, beaten, and killed.9

Astronomy Essay

Astronomy Essay If you have an ongoing astronomy paper on your site and you are seeking assistance – you have come to the right place. Astronomy papers – are pieces of work aimed to find out and define your general and specific knowledge on the surrounding galaxies, their creation and all possible facts about it. Your professor gives out these assignment types in order to find out how you have got into the material you have been discussing during the term, as well as understand your way of thinking. It is natural for a student to want to succeed in everything he is occupied in. That is practically why every student wants to succeed in writing an astronomy paper. But what happens if he is clueless of what to write about, how to organize the astronomy essay, astronomy research paper, astronomy term paper, etc.? You should find some astronomy essay writing tips, guides, tricks and suggestions: Choose the topic of your astronomy paper accurately and carefully. The topic will show your professor the level of efforts you would like to put in this paper and his class in particular. (All the good trades go to the most hard working students) Define an appropriate structure of the paper you would like to write. There are several structures of the paper, such as: 5 paragraph essay, informative essay, persuasive essay, reaction essay, descriptive essay, etc Try brainstorming, and find out the main points of your outline. Some students try to write the astronomy paper without brainstorming or outlines and structures. Nine out of ten students fail to write an astronomy paper with out proper astronomy paper organization. Think of the key elements of your astronomy paper. It either has to be a new and exciting fact, or the overall summarization of all the facts you know, collided into 1 general opinion in the conclusion. Never be lazy to rewrite your astronomy paper 2-3 times for it to be perfect. This is all what is takes to write a perfect astronomy paper, astronomy research paper, astronomy term paper and astronomy dissertation. CustomWritings.com can get a professional writer to help you write your astronomy paper. We surely have everything you need to get a good paper, and a high grade for it. Just inquire at CustomWritings.com and order a custom essay paper on Astronomy now. Here is a list of possible  astronomy essay topics: 1. Comparison and Contrast of Astronomy and Astrology 2. Astronomy: Space vehicles 3. Copernicus 4. Conflicts between Galileo and the Church 5. The complete facts on the planet Venus 6. Universe 7. Johannes Kepler 8. Mars Exploration 9. NASA 10. Astrobiology 11. Apollo Missions 12. Space exploration and Rocket History, Tsiolkovskys impacts 13. Hubble Space Telescope 14. The Space Shuttle Columbia 15. Should Pluto be considered a Planet? 16. The Formation of the Solar System 17. Planerary Asteroid Defense Study 18. UFOs and Aliens 19. The Impact of Asteroids on Earth 20. Planetary Comparison

Is business bad for science & stop selling out science to commerce Essay - 1

Is business bad for science & stop selling out science to commerce - Essay Example The paper seeks to show that commercial influences on scientific research have become increasingly detrimental. First, commercial influences on scientific research have led to failure to release some of the scientific results seen as harming industries. For example, the results may be on danger posed by certain substances or drugs produced by companies. As a result, such companies are most likely to engage in a campaign that will ensure that such results do not come to the public limelight. A classical example is seen through Nancy Olivieri of Toronto University (Slaght & Pallant, 2006). Olivieri notes that that one of drug companies engaged in a campaign that she did not publish her results concerning a drug she found to have a high level of toxicity (Slaght & Pallant, 2006). The allegation is serious knowing that such drug will be in the public for use. Hence, this is not just unethical, but also detrimental to the public as it may lead to serious short and long term harm. Secondly, the influence of business on science has made it difficult for public to know how various advancements may be harmful to health and environment. Most of the research is done with little focus on the public concerns (Slaght & Pallant, 2006). The focus has been on ensuring their competitiveness, and business groups have been able to have their way with funding from bodies concerned with research. For example, genetic has been seen as playing a leading role in agriculture due to such influence. Hence, other environmental friendly approaches have been ignored such as minimal use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides (Slaght & Pallant, 2006). In addition, through funding most companies ensures that results are favorable to them. There has been damning evidence mostly in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology sectors. For example, it has been established that funders mostly choose scientists that are

Philosophies of punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophies of punishment - Essay Example Rehabilitation aims to bring the good if not the best in a person encouraging psychologists to study intensively the psychological effects of being good to a person. Incapacitation is simply getting a person out from things, persons or places that would enable him to commit criminal acts while retribution is punishing because one deserves the punishment. Having discussed these, it is the aim of this paper to make its readers have a general grasp of what these rationales could do and their limitations. Having thus understood such, it should be the reader’s responsibility to act accordingly be it in the professional or personal application of this paper. Punishment, though obviously important has taken the attention of many debates on its implementations especially when it came to matters as the life sentence or more importantly, death sentence. Debates have been widely discussed and different angles have been considered on this issue but what complicates it is the fact that the re are varied opinions on punishment and there are a lot of people involved and could be affected in the implementation or non-implementation of punishments. This very nature of the complication led researchers to look for acceptable forms of punishment which in a way would justify the intensity of punishment compensating the crime committed, thus the definition of rationale for the punishments. The general agreements on the justification of punishment are deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation and retribution, looking forward to reducing crime rate with the exception of the latter (Jawkes & Letherby, 2002, p. 3

Effects of Implied Terms on Contract of Employment, a Judicial Review Essay

Effects of Implied Terms on Contract of Employment, a Judicial Review - Essay Example The employer is also bound to the employee under the implied terms of the employment contract by way of trust and confidence, payment of wages, provision of work and reasonable care. between the employer and employee. Under what circumstances the implied terms are applicable and also under what circumstance it is not applicable? What are the stands taken by the Court regarding the implied terms of the employment contract? Before proceeding to answer to theses question, firstly we shall explore the scope and applicability of implied terms in employment contract. As said above a contract gives both employee and employer certain rights and obligations. The most common example is that employee has a right to be paid for the work do. The employer has a right to give reasonable instructions to the employee for the work he entitled to do. These rights and obligations are called contractual terms. These contractual terms are two types. Express terms in an employment contract are those that are explicitly agreed between employee and employer and can include amount of wages, including any overtime or bonus pay hours of work, including overtime holiday pay, including how much time off you are entitled to sick pay redundancy pay and how much warning (notice) the employer must give you if you are dismissed. They are terms that have not been expressed orally or in writing but nevertheless form part of the contract of employment. Some are general such as the duty of each party to take reasonable care of each others property and to safeguard each others confidences. In Hagen and ors v ICI Chemicals and Polymers Ltd and ors (3) it was held that an employer owes his employees a common law duty of care to keep them adequately informed of the details of changes to their terms of employment which may follow from a company reorganization and can be sued for the tort of negligence if he is in breach of that duty.

The Importance Of Environmental Scanning Marketing Essay

The Importance Of Environmental Scanning Marketing Essay Marketing oriented firms mostly focus on marketing planning method through which a thorough analysis of market environment is carried out to scan opportunities within market environments, audit the skills and resources of the firm needed to maximize these opportunities, formulating marketing objectives and designing how firm offerings will be positioned among consumer segments when targeting them, and subsequently developing plans to implement and control them to sustain competitive advantage ( Dibb and Simkin, 2008). history of Just Us! Cafes Just Us! Cafes a coffee Roasters Cooperative was co-founded by Debbie and Jeff Moore in the year 1995 (Just Us!, 2012). The cafà © whose headquarter is located in Grand Pre, Nova Scotia, Canada was incorporated under the Cooperative Association Act as the first company (see Appendix 1) with a fair trade coffee roaster in Canada in 1996 (Just Us!, 2012). The vision of Just Us! Cafes is to be a market leader in fair trade business that stands for quality, fairness, professionalism and innovation while the mission of Just Us! Cafes is rooted in authenticity, cooperation, community, and justice (Just Us!, 2012). Just us! Cafes offers products include Coffee, Tea, Chocolate, Sugar, and pastries. Just Us! has 4 Cafes in Nova Scotia, Canada located in Grand Pre, Wolfville, Halifax and Barrington Street (Just Us!,2012). Just Us! has received many awards such as EK chamber of commerce Award as a Best Large firm in Kings County (2000), Ethics Award (2005), Acadia University President Award for Entrepreneur (2005) etc (Just Us!, 2012). 1.0 Critical Evaluation of the Importance of Environmental Scanning. Environmental scanning is simply the method through which marketing environment of an organisation is been closely monitored and carefully analysed (Jobber, 2007). The importance of environmental scanning are; Provides an understanding of Consumers Choice Criteria Body shop (a cosmetic industry) in its environmental scanning through market research in Canada, identified that 34% of consumers use ethical behaviour of companies (in addition to quality of product) as their choice criterion upon which their buying decision is based (Strandberg consulting, 2009). In addition, the impact of firms activities on the ecological habitat of consumers has been another criterion employed by consumers in their buying decision as consumers in Canada tend to embrace moves that decrease Co2 footprint in their environment (Bonini and Oppenheim, 2012). Environmental scanning reveals a paradigm shift in consumers value, attitude and beliefs about products as ethical issues have become a yardstick in their buying decision. The need to be highly sensitive to rapidly changing specific and general business environmental factors is a pre-requisite to the survival of an organisation where a quick change in product/ service line must be matched with changing consumer re quirements (Goyal, 2007; Albright,2007; Jobber;2007). Helps in Identifying Business Trends and Opportunities In 2008 alone, products (such as Flowers, Cocoa, Coffee, Rice, Shea butter) that were fairly traded was said to be imported from 59 countries (Eric, 2012). It takes a thorough environmental scanning of Canadian market to obtain this useful information about the fast growing fair trade business in both the food and non food segment (for example, fashion industry). With environmental scanning, Just us! Cafes and its competitors (Kicking horse, Kraft foods, StarBucks etc) were able to capitalize on the fair-trade opportunities and thus get sensitized on the drastic changing needs and expectations of their consumers. Environmental scanning offered these market players qualitative and quantitative information about the needs of their consumers, enabling them to strategise on how these needs could be met and as a result the image of these organisations were improved through a clear definition of what they stood for in Canadian fair trade wholesale and retail market (Costa, 1995). This is a n evidence that environmental scanning is linked to improvement in organisational performance (Slaughter, 1999). Provides Basis for Segmenting Consumer Markets Part of the achievements of Cafes in Canadian markets attributed to environmental scanning is ability of these brands to segment their products and services effectively and efficiently well. For example, all brands of Cafes in Canada (Kraft foods, Just Us!, Kicking horse, StarBucks etc) have been able to adopt a behavioural segmentation in the consumer markets where fair trade is used in one way or the other to gain market share as consumers beliefs, values and perception are rooted in fair trade. Psychographic segmentation that entails the strategy by which consumers are grouped base on lifestyle and personality characteristics (Jobber,2007) has been exploited by brands where Just us! Cafes had been targeting young, well educated consumers that are willing to offer premium price for fair trade products (Ethical Consumer, 2011) while Kraft Foodservice are caught romancing college students (perceived to be part of socially and environmentally conscious customers) with its All Life 100 % Colombian coffee brand (Rain Forest Alliance, 2004). Brands utilise Profile Segmentation where geographic variables like areas local names and culture (Jobber, 2007) are been used to differentiate their coffee from competitors and thus adapting their services and products to customers taste and culture, and locating their outlets in close proximity to their target consumers. Helps an organisation to identify it shortcomings and address them Through environmental scanning, Just Us! Cafes has been able to identify emerging issues and conditions leading the company to a dead end. This led management of Just Us! to develop an organisational structure where roles are allocated to employees based on their competencies and skills (e.g. the need for Juliet to handle the marketing functions of Just us! Cafes) to be able to deal with emerging issues confronting Just Us! Cafes. Limitation of Environmental Scanning. However, environmental scanning does not totally lead to an accurate prediction of business future and it does not guarantee effectiveness as witnessed in situation where many competitors of Just us! Cafes located in the heart of Nova Scotia had to close down their businesses when they couldnt survive in the midst of heated competitions. But businesses should ensure frequent environment scanning so as to increase their sensitivity to environmental signals rather than relying on analysis of historical data or predicting how such data will change (Johnson et al. 2008). 1.2. Internal and External Challenges Confronting Just Us! Cafes. Internal challenges are issues that focus on resources and competence (capabilities) of a company, revealing the strengths and weaknesses of such company while external challenges are concerned with the external environment in which the company operates, predisposing its activities to threat or presenting it with opportunities ( Hill and Joney, 2008). SWOT analysis of Just Us! Cafes Strengths Just Us! Cafes brand over the years has successfully won strong customer loyalty with strong preference for its products, services, and what the business stands for in Nova Scotia (fairness, justice and quality). The founders of Just Us! Cafes (Jeff and Debbie Moore) have a sound background experience in social and community development well aligned with their humanitarian philosophy (people before profit) enough to equip them in fulfilling their business mission (quality, fairness, and justice). The products and services (that are fairly traded and F.L.O certified) which Just us! Cafes offer her customers are immensely differentiated from competitors and thus give Just Us! Cafes a crystal clear market advantage over all her competitors. Just Us! Cafes management has a deep understanding of it distribution channel and an intimate relationship with wholesale and retail stores (Atlantic Superstore and Sobeys). Just Us! Cafes is equipped with employees that are committed to delivering products and services in a manner that meets and surpasses consumers expectation. Just Us! Cafes operates in favourable locations that are in close proximity with her consumers such as Grand Pre, Halifax, Wolfville and Barrington Street as well as a very strong presence in 3 key universities of Canada in Nova Scotia. Weaknesses Inability or lack of capability of Just Us! Cafes to expand it business to new markets within Canada. Just Us! Cafes doesnt have enough financial resources and competence as compared to some of its competitors tapping into the fair trade market. Just Us! Cafes have 4 Cafes (Wolfville, Halifax, Grand-pre and Barrington Street) just in Nova Scotia province. This is limiting its ability to reach enough consumers with its fair trade products as compared to Tim Hortons and Second cup who have 170 and 360 stores respectively. In the area of advertisement, Just Us! lacks experience and expertise. The reduction of revenue and the inability to defend and extend their core business shows lack of a good business strategy. Just Us! is too dependent on stores like Loblaws (also Just Us! competitor) and Sobeys as its distribution channel in the retail market. Threats Just Us! could face scarcity of fair trade products as a result of wide swing in commodity market. Transporting fair trade products from developing country to Canada may be stopped due to the need to lessen carbon emission to the environment. If importation of fair trade raw materials are stopped, the fair trade mission and strategy of Just Us! will be in jeopardy. The fair trade and organic business of Just us! Cafes have become fiercely competitive as competitors struggle intensely to attract and retain consumers in order to benefit from the attractive fair trade market. Fair trade certification is not recognised by the government of Canada and as such, no government policy has being designed for it and thus resulting in unfair practices among Just Us! competitors who portray their products as fair trade when they are not in the real sense. Consumers preferences for Just Us! products is changing rapidly resulting in fast decline in new product life cycle. Opportunities Majority of consumers in Canadian market are interested in fair trade products, presenting huge opportunities for Just Us! to increase their revenue through fair trade. Consumers are willing to offer premium price for fair trade products of Just Us! if they better informed. There is an increasing trend in the number of fair trade farmers from developing countries and thus leads to availability of fair trade products. There are still wide gaps or opportunities to explore by Just Us! in the fair trade market if a right strategy is put in place. PESTEL of Just Us! PESTEL Framework (Political, Environmental, Socio-cultural, Technological, Environmental (green) and Legal) are external factors/challenges that is common to all businesses. Political In Canada, though government policies contain rules and regulations for activities concerning healthy lifestyle of citizen as well as environmental protection, policy for fair trade market has not been developed by Canadian government. For example, CISO (2012) stated that Canadian Federal and Provincial Agencies (CFPA) are guided by respective purchasing departments in their purchasing decisions. At Federal level, Public Works and Government Service Canada (PWGSC)-who have standing offers (open contract) for many goods and purchase them on behalf of other Department-, make green purchasing or recommendations to the department through their office of Greening government operations but their recommendations do not include fair trade products Evidence of lack of attention given to fair trade in Canada is shown in the table 1.1 below. This made it easier for Just Us! competitors who are not dedicated to fair trade (maybe due to cost associated with it) to portray their offerings to the market as fairly traded. Country Policy or Guideline Specifies Certified Fair Trade Canada Federal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Policy on Green Procurement (as of April 1, 2006 for all federal departments) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sustainable Development Strategies (prepared by all federal departments every 3 years) and Departments Environmental policies and Departmental Performance Reports à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Environmental Petitions by Canadian Residents à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Department of Foreign Affairs Green Procurement checklist à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Department of Foreign Affairs Kit for Ensuring Green Conferences à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Environment Canada principles or practice on green purchasing, as well as a standard clause for product tenders and service contracts Provincial à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Sustainable Development Act (Manitoba and Quebec) and related Sustainable Development Procurement Policies Local à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ethical Purchasing Policies (Vancouver, Toronto, Black Diamond) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No (for Foreign Affairs, others unknown) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Yes (no for Toronto) Table 1: Examples of Relevant Guidelines and Policies that Encourage Social and Environmental Purchasing in Canadian Government Agencies (CISO,2012). Economy Between 2010-2011, Canadas GDP was said to have grown by 2.8% a year (which was more than economies of other rich country, most especially U.S). However, in 2012, Canadas economy has been discovered to have a slow GDP growth of 1.9% as a result of lower prices for Canadas resource exports, weak demand of its goods from Europe and its strong currency (The Economist, 2012). This has led to recession presently in Canada, preventing Just Us! Cafes from implementing her expansion strategy. Also, Recession in Canada due to decline in GDP could result in budget pressure and spending cuts leaving consumer with little or no disposable income to spend on premium fair trade products that Just Us! offers, since availability of consumers purchasing power absolutely relies on income, prices, debt and savings (Kotler and Keller, 2012). Social-Cultural Over the last 3 decades, the main driver of fair trade is expressed to be the highly growing trend of ethical consumerism (Burke and Berry, 1974, cited in Opal and Nicholls, 2005, page 23).Consumers values, attitude and lifestyle are rooted in high quality, ethically sourced and healthy products. The preference for these attributes has created a great opportunities for fair trade markets and thus resulted in a highly competitive fair trade market that is becoming too heated for Just Us! the early player. Technological. From between 2002-2008, there was no record that reveals that Just Us! Cafes integrated e-commerce into their customer service operation despite the fact that e-commerce that includes online service had been the major driver of supply chain in coffee industry in the 21st century. However, Just Us! has integrated e-commerce into their customer service operation where customers orders are received and fulfilled via e-commerce. Environment and Legal The current trend in Western Europe involves series of public actions (legal) to reduce Co2 emission to the environment, seeing majority of firms been taxed heavily on the basis of Co2 emission that their activities (majorly machinery) dissipate to the environment (co2gram/kilowatt/hour). However, opportunities abound for organisations that can reconcile profitability with the protection of their business environment (Kottler and Keller, 2012). But this trend towards greener activities is partly a threat to Just Us! fair trade as the need to source for raw materials locally rather than sourcing from distant developing countries (which is the basis of fair trade) to lessen Co2 emission to the atmosphere due to transportation is becoming an emerging issue presently. On the other hand, weather is becoming quite unpredictable and this is a threat to farm productivity. For example, the Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) the worlds largest agricultural commodities traders recently got its net profits reduced by 60% due to a sudden drought in the U.S that hampered farm productivity (Financial Times, 2012). This can also pose threats to the fair trade markets, resulting in scarcities in the commodity markets, high prices for food and high cost of raw materials. Porters 5 forces for Just Us!. The Porters 5 forces as shown in Fig 1.1 below is used by businesses to indentify how profitable a particular business is (Johnson et al. 2008). Threat of New Entrants to Fair Trade Market There is a high threat of new entrants to the fair trade market with a growing trend in the demand for fair products. As a result of this, small, independent and well established cafes are competing with Just Us! as a result of this. Threat of Substitute for Just Us! products and Services As barriers to fair trade market are getting weaker, competitors are offering a similar fair trade product as Just Us! thereby presenting consumers with opportunities to replace Just Us! products if they do not meet their expectations. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The number of farmers producing farm produce has been reported to be growing. In 2008 alone, 59 countries have been reported to have supplied Canada. Thus, as the growing trend increases, the bargaining power of buyers becomes higher than the farmers. On the other hand, bargaining power is also dependent on the availability of produce. If there is scarcity of fair trade produce, then the bargaining power of farmers become higher. Bargaining Power of Buyers Logically, as barrier to new entrants gets weaker and threat of substitute get higher, end users may not be able to offer premium price for fair trade products of Just Us!. This gives consumers the ability to determine price. Threat of Rivalry Since competitors of Just Us! offer similar products to same group of consumers, competitive rivalry is certain. 1.3 Extent to which Challenges threaten the Future of Just Us! Up to a very large extent, challenges in the form of fierce competition (which is promoted by government policies), constant change in fair trade market (occasioned by rapid change in consumers preferences for coffee and other products) and lack of sustainable strategy of Just Us! to address these issues will lead to lower consumer base, reduction in market share and profit and as time goes on, Just Us! fair trade business will cease to exist in Canada. 2.0. Appropriate Framework of Analysis to Analyse Competitive Strategy Adopted by Just Us! In analyzing the competitive strategy adopted by Just Us!, marketing mix strategy (7Ps) will be adopted. Products: Just Us! satisfied the wants and needs of consumers with fair trade and organic products like Coffee, Tea, Chocolate, Sugar, and Muffins. Just Us! adopted a distinctive product differentiation strategy through provision of fair trade and organic products to its customers that are willing to pay premium. Just Us! also have specialty products lines such as Coffee (Rwanda Cafà © Femenino, Tarrazu Honey, Mexican Morning, Wisdom, Rainforest Rhapsody, etc), Teas (Chai Tea, Early green, Darjeeling loose, Maritime Breakfast tea etc) that meet various tastes of consumers. Price: For all Just Us! fair trade products and added services (atmosphere adapted to consumers taste), a premium pricing strategy was adopted by Just Us! where consumers are charged for added value in form of organic and fair trade products provided to them. Place: With respect to place, Just Us! pursued an adaptation strategy where atmosphere of different locations (Wolfville, Halifax, Grad Pre and Barrington Street) were adapted to taste, culture of consumers and making it comfortable as incubator for developing relationships among consumers within their communities. Just Us! adopted two types of strategic alliance in a bid to make their products available to consumers and in a bid to expand. The two types of strategic alliance adopted were; a.Logistical Alliance: where Just Us! formed alliance with wholesales and retail outlets (e.g. Loblawas, and Sobeys), health food shops, churches, universities (Saint Francis Xavier, Saint Mary University etc) that offer logistical service to ensure the availability of Just Us! products all around Canada. b. Product and Service alliance: although this type of strategic alliance failed Just Us!, Just Us! had once partnered with a local businessman in Toronto as part of their expansion strategy into Toronto market. Just Us! also formed partnerships with Acadia Cinema Cooperative to use the cinema service as a means to sell fair trade products. Promotion: In a bid to promote Just Us! fair trade offerings, 10% of its profit was allocated for opening fair trade coffee museum where consumers are enlightened about the advantages of fair trade. On top of this, a non-profit organisation known as JUDES (Just Us! Development and Education Society) was developed to create awareness for fair trade and societal development. Just Us! through JUDES also used documentary and educational activities to enlighten social institutions on the importance of fair trade. Just Us! also used newspaper, magazines (student magazines and discount coupons), outdoor advertising (board in Grand Pre), point-of-purchase advertising (Valentine, Christmas and other seasonal events), internet (www.justus!cafes.com), sales promotion (reduced Christmas merchandise) and PR, events and sponsorship (during CEDIF meeting). People: through proper recruitment and selection process, Just Us! was able to attract talented staff and committed employees which were subsequently trained to deliver finished products (e.g. Coffee and Tea) in a way that expressed quality and care. Process: part of the process of Just Us! aimed at preserving and delivering fresh and quality coffee to her consumers includes roasting Coffee for example in small batches after which they were packaged in the plant and subsequently sent to consumers. Process of Just Us! also involves close supervision of coffee quality at every stage of the production process (from raw materials to finished products) Physical Evidence: This is essentially environment that surrounds the fair trade products and services that are offered by Jut Us! (Richard and Gilligan, 2005). This includes; fair trade coffee museum in Grand Pre, the brown coloured logo of Just Us! that differentiated them from competitors, coffee bean manufacturing plant in Grand Pre , Just Us! theatre, gift shops and other facilities and equipment (tangibles) that communicate message concerning fair trade that Just Us! stood for. 3.0 Strategic Options Available to Just Us! Despite the continuous growth of consumers in fair trade segments since 2008 (now around 44% of consumers in Canada), Just Us!, a distinctive fair trade food business that was incorporated under the Cooperative Act and certified by Fair Trade Labeling Organisation (FLO) has seen it growth slightly increased between 2008 to 2011 (Figure 1.1) in the midst of competitors (Kicking Horse, Tim Hortons, Second cup, Kraft, Nestle etc) that are not deeply committed and consistent to fair trade model witnessing a high revenue from the fair trade market. For example, between 2009 to 2010, sales revenue grew by 1.72% to $7,103,981 with an increasing cost from 4,257,282 in 2009 to 4,310,222 in 2010 (Figure 1.2). Figure 1: Revenue of Just Us! between 2002 to 2011(Just Us!, 2012) Figure 2: The End of Year Statement of Just Us! Coffee Roasters (Just Us!,2012). To address these problem, Just Us! can engage one of these options; Consolidation This is the situation where Just Us! can strategise on defending their existing fair trade products (coffee, chocolate, tea, sugar) in their existing market in the province of Nova Scotia (Wolfville, Barrington Street, Grand Pre, and Halifax) . According to Safah (2008), this non-growth strategy is aimed at maintaining the business status quo to protect a business status in its environment. Just Us! can achieve consolidation through either; Defending their market share: Through Customer Relationship Management (CRM) , Just Us! can build a protective wall around its customer base (Smith and Zook, 2011) through effective management of individual consumers information in order to maximize loyalty ( Kotler and Keller,2012). Just Us! should invest in communication technology where consumers database will be housed and used effectively. For example, automated greetings should be programmed to respond to any occasions consumers are celebrating. CRM management should go beyond business transaction to personal affection and care for consumers welfare. Through this CRM, Just Us! will be able secure their consumers. Even CRM can also be done through social media where Just Us! club can be formed for the purpose of a two-way communication between Just Us! and existing consumers. Downsizing or Divestment In Figure 1.2 above, cost of good sold, administration and members expenses all constitute a higher cost to Just Us! Cafes. Just Us! could seek to consolidate by pruning its staff size to reduce cost of human resources or it could hold on to 20% of Just Us! products that contribute 80% of its revenue while the rest are shed off the Cafes product line. For example in Table 1.2 below, between 2004- 2007, fairly traded Tea and Sugar (though sugar is perceived to have adverse impact on health and thus fair trade honey could be a good substitute) have been observed to contribute a less margin to revenue and hence less growth to fair trade market in Canada. So Just Us! could remove these products from it portfolio while they concentrate on Coffee and Cocoa. Growth 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total market share % market rank Cofee 41% 56% 61% 55% $ 9,083,836 80% 1 Cocoa 115% 96% 91% 0% $ 1,253,849 11% 2 Sugar 139% 158% 97% 63% $ 789,150 7% 3 Tea 54% 74% 68% 339% $ 173,642 2% 4 Total Revenue 49% 65% 67% 50% $ 11,300,477 100% market share % 100% market rank Table 2: The growth of fair trade products in Canadian Market Market Penetration. Just Us! could also increase sales of their current fair trade products in the province of Nova Scotia in which they are presently operating (Halifax, Barrington Street, Wolfville and Grand Pre) through winning competitors consumers by planning and implementing effective promotion or distribution strategy or they could cut prices of their products Promotion A good promotional strategy with an appropriate channel to reach target markets will be one of the appropriate methods by which Just Us! can attract competitors consumers. Through integrated marketing communication, Just Us! can better coordinate its marketing tools in order to deliver its social and environmental responsibilities, quality, fairness and equity message in a clear and consistent manner to all consumers. For example, Just Us! is the only Cafà © business that is incorporated under the cooperative act which seeks greater fairness and poverty eradication in developing countries and on top of this, all fair trade products of Just Us! were certified by Fair Trade Labeling Organisation. Just Us! could choose to deploy it resources towards creating awareness about what it stands for and this could stimulate interest, desire and repeated purchase of its products. The landing page of Just Us! site (www.justus.com) should be decorated with prestigious awards obtained by Just Us! to affirm what they stand for and this could lead to customer conversion upon arrival to the landing page. Just Us! should also use social media to communicate their messages while using emotional adverts on Tv and Radio station to preach fairness in addition to what JUDES does for them. For example, over 4 years, Cadbury Schweppes had attributed its high revenue to high expenditure on promotional efforts. Distribution According to Chopra and Meindhl (2007), distribution has been expressed to be the major driver of an organisations overall profitability since it directly determines both supply chain cost and consumer experience. The presence of Just us! in 4 places within the province of Nova Scotia alone is not an effective means of reaching potential consumers of Just Us!. Tim Hortons (170) and Second cup (360) within Nova Scotia have been able to decentralize their shops in every nook and cranny to better reach their consumers and increase response time and convenience and through this, they have been known as a quick service restaurant in Nova Scotia. There is no point in having good quality fair trade products without reaching enough consumers. Even if there is no fund to lease or build more cafes, Just Us! could form more partnerships (logistical or product and service alliance) with more retail and wholesale outlets in Annapolis, Pictou, Inverness, Yarmouth, Antigonish, Hants etc. For example, Sainsbury has emerged as market leader in UK grocery market due to its ability of Sainsbury to open more convenience stores all around UK. Pricing strategy Just Us! could also use price to penetrate and attract competitors consumers. Just Us! involving itself in a price war wont go too well for the Cafà ©. However, a psychological pricing strategy could be adopted to increase demands for its quality fair trade products. For example, Apple used price to penetrate the market when it launched its 3G iphone at a cheaper price ($199) as compared to its competitors that were offering $399 for 2G iphones (Jobber,2007) Market Development Market development is another strategic option that Just us! can explore to increase it market share by selling fair trade products to new markets beyond the shores of Nova Scotia or outside Canada. For example, in Vancouver and Black diamond, Just Us! can seek to expand their Cafes to these provinces where there are ethical purchasing policies that favour their fair trade business model (as indicated in Table 1) unlike Nova-Scotia. Mergers or acquisition will be a fast way through which Just Us! can sell its existing products to Vancouver and Black diamond swiftly. For example, Just Us! could merge with Earths Choice a fair trade coffee roaster business in Vancouver or Cinnamon spoon in Black diamond . Other

The Failure of Standardized Testing Essay -- Against Standardized Test

Nearly thirty percent of students in this year’s graduating class will not earn their high school diploma (Swanson). In the United States the rate of college graduation is only thirty eight percent, while in 2010, Canada’s college graduation rate was near sixty percent (Lee). In an effort to help with the problem of achievement in America, President Bush, in 2002, signed the No Child Left Behind Act. The Act called for 100 percent of students to be proficient in both reading and math in state given tests by the year 2014. Some criticized that the act permitted states to define what proficient is. Others criticized the punishments for not meeting the targets that were set, which included closure or privatization of schools, losing funds, or being labeled as failing (Ravitch web). Because of those factors, heavy emphases on standardized tests were put in place in schools across the United States. The No Child Left Behind Act’s use of standardized testing negatively affects schools by pressuring schools to change curriculum, cheat to attain better scores, and by making children ill-prepared for higher education. Schools changing curriculum to cater to the testing requirements is one way the No Child Left Behind Act negatively affects schools. This article describes consequences of the heavy emphasis on standardized tests made by the No Child Left Behind Act, â€Å"The Overall lackluster performance is certain to revive the debate on whether history and other subjects, such as science and art, are being pushed out of the curriculum because of the focus on math and reading demanded under the No Child Left Behind federal educational law† (Banchero web). Many of the courses that are being pushed out are courses that a... ...life, who is? Works Cited Banchero, Stephanie. â€Å"States Fail to Raise Bar in Reading, Math Tests.† Wall Street Journal 11 August 2011: A2. Print. ---. â€Å"SAT Reading, Writing Scores Hit Low.† Wall Street Journal 15 September 2011: A2. Print. ---. â€Å"Students Stumble Again on the Basics of History.† Wall Street Journal 15 July 2011: A3. Print. Lee, Micheal. â€Å"US College Graduations Rate Lags, Speaker Says.† The Chronicle: Web. 21 September 2011. Ravitch, Diane. â€Å"Obama’s War on Schools.† Newsweek 4 April 2011: Vol. 157, No. 14. Print ---. â€Å"Why I Changed My Mind About School Reform.† Wall Street Journal 9 March 2010: A.21. Print. Sarrio, Jaime. â€Å"Atlanta’s Testing Scandal Adds Fuel to U.S. Debate.† Atlanta Journal-Constitution 10 July 2011: A1. Print. Swanson, Christopher. â€Å"U.S. Graduation Rate Continues Decline.† Education Week: Web. 2 June 2010.

The Coca †Cola Product

Known to manufacture and distribute non-alcoholic and carbonated beverages, Coca-Cola Bottling Company, which is now known as Coca-Cola Bottling Company Consolidated in Charlotte North Carolina, started at Atlanta in 1886. CCBCC also manufactures bottled water, teas, sports drink, etc. The other branches of this company are dispersed at South Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee and other parts of North America. Coke is a trademark product of this company and has been distributed all throughout the world. It is very trivial where and how this drink has started. According to some historical accounts of CCBCC, the carbonated drink was first introduced as a fountain drink and was not commercially produced as canned or bottled. It was just when Mr. Harrison packaged this product that people became aware of its commercialization. To promote the product, many advertisement programs in radio, television and newspapers were made and had contributed to the fame of Coke. Famous personalities like Bill Gates had been a part of the continuing recognition of the said product. And since its production begun a century ago, there are jingles of Coke that are still remembered now like â€Å"When the Holidays Come Along†(with the lyrics, ‘whenever there’s a coke there’s always a fun†¦), â€Å"The Bee Gees Coke Commercial†, â€Å"Have a Coke and Smile† (produced on 1981) and a very recent commercial aired last year, â€Å"The Coca-Cola Happiness Factory†. Mr. J. Frank Harrison III, a descendant of Mr. Harrison way back in 1902,   is currently the Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of Executive Committee and Chairman of Finance Committee of CCBCC.   Also, Mr. Steven D. Westphal acts as the Chief Finance Officer and joins the executive committee of the company. Moreover, Coca Cola Enterprises Incorporated shares in owning CCBCC and is said to have 1000 shares as of August 2007. Under the Beverage – Soft Drinks Industry, CCBCC is the top grosser on stocks among Pepsi Company Inc., Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages, Groupe Danone World Water Division, and other companies providing the same product as of the present. As of August 31, 2007, CCBCC sells Coke at an average of $58.67. From the recent quarterly reports of the company, it is stated that it has a net income of $11.7 million as of July 1 2007. This is higher than the calculated quarterly net income of April 2007 which was $4.7 million, more than a hundred percent increase on net income. The repots for the stockholders also said that there is a one percent increase on the net sales of the product that was from the decrease in the selling price of bottles/cans. Also, the charts and graphs presented for the evaluation of the sales and production of Coke on July 2007 stated that it has increased its selling price compared to the past months. Since there are still products emerging from this company and their bottling capacities are of good quality (as they claim it), I think that in the future Coca-Cola Bottling Company Consolidated will still be a big influence in the Food Industry, especially in the beverage – soft drinks sections.   By looking on the reports passed to the stockholders (which I think Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. owns), it will have a progress for the years ahead bearing the quarterly increases on the incomes and the people who patronizes coke. Constant observation and evaluation of the company’s performance, the improvements and modifications for the product can be done for a more successful path in the economy.   Indeed this product will still be a boom for the next generations. The red truck carrying loads of Coca-cola products will still roam around vicinities in the countries, and Coca-Cola will still rock markets and stocks. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated (COKE). 2007. Yahoo! Finance. September 2, 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Coca Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated – Company Profile, Information, Business Description,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   History, Background Information on Coca Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated†. 2007.   Net  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Industries, LLC. September 3, 2007. Yahoo stock screener.   2007. September 2, 2007. Coca-cola iungles.2006. Soundboard.com/Mountainside, LLC. September 2, 2007.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Investor Relations. 1998-2003. MarketWatch.com Inc. September 3, 2007.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   HOME PAGE FOR THE WORLD'S BUSINESS LEADERS. 2007 Forbes.com LLC. September 3,2007.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ;http://www.forbes.com/finance/mktguideapps/personinfo/FromMktGuideIdPersonTear  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   heet.jhtml?passedMktGuideId=35265;

Patton World War 2 essays

Patton World War 2 essays After being defeated in World War 1, Germany under new leadership was trying to regain and increase its power. Adolph Hitler had Germany invading surrounding countries trying to build up Germany and unite its people. Great Britain and France were trying to follow the act of appeasement and had allowed Germany to take over parts of Europe. Britain and France had no choice, but to declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939 after Hitler invaded Poland. The Unites States at this time was trying to avoid war by staying neutral, but was forced to sell goods to Great Britain in order for them to survive. The U.S. became involved in the war after they were attacked Japan, allies of Germany, at Pearl Harbor without warning on December 7, 1941. A day later, Germany and its allies declared war on the U.S. This sequence of events is what led the U.S. to becoming involved in World War 2. The Unites States first action in World War 2 took place in North Africa in 1942. General George S. Patton led the U.S. army and General Montgomery led Britains in an attempt to take control of northern Africa. The allies were fighting together under Dwight D. Eisenhower, U.S. President and General. This was important land for many reasons. One was that it would give them land so that they could set up an invasion into Italy which could be used as a backdoor into Europe. The second was that it kept the Mediterranean Sea open as well as the Suez Canal for trade routes. Pattons men were pushed back at first, but he and Montgomery forced the Germans led by Rommel into Tunisia. At Tunisia, the allies attacked from the west and south allowing them to take control of North Africa. The allies managed to take control of North Africa despite their tanks and other fighting machines were inferior at the time. Patton was known as a fighting general who was very confident with himself. He believed that the only way to fight war was to attack, attac...

Network Planning Essays

Network Planning Essays Network Planning Essay Network Planning Essay I have decided to do the Bargain Booze project. This seems the most logical of choices as there are many more options to explore. It is the project that has the biggest need for change. I also have the most information and knowledge about this business and can therefore make much better recommendations. I have personal experience of working within a few Bargain Booze shops around Stoke on Trent, I have also been a customer in other similar shops. I know the system well and all of its weaknesses and spent many hours thinking about how it could be improved. I still have access to the shops and the systems used as well as having friends that still work there. There are three main layouts in the shop and these are shown on the next page. These are extremely important to look at in relation to the proposed topologies for the network. Resources Each site has similar needs because of the basic Bargain Booze layout of having a few tills at each site. As shown on the next page, the three main layouts used in Stoke on Trent use either one or two computers. The computers that run the till software need to be fairly new to be capable of handling the associated hardware 2GB RAM and a 100GB hard drive would be consider minimum to hold the necessary information from sales. Peripherals used should be wireless so that there are no unnecessary wires when the mouse and keyboard can be stored away. Each till needs specialist till equipment software, scanner, till drawer, price display, and keyboard and receipt printer. There is also a need for lasers printers as the current dot matrix printers are slow and provide bad quality print outs. Bargain Booze has also requested enhanced security to include CCTV running separately from the till systems, preferably handled externally. There should also be motion sensors and multiple panic buttons where all staff can access them. This should be available as a security bundled from an external company. The actual network is quite simple for Bargain Booze. The most expensive needs of Bargain Booze are the routers at each site. Cat 5 cables are needed to connect between the router and the computers. An engineering kit to actually install the network would also be needed. To provide the network, an outside line is needed that is provided by Bargain Boozes ISP. Physical Constraints of the Network The system is going to connect several sites together and needs to work well. There are several options for a network such as this. The limited number of computers at each site reduces the need for an overly advanced system but the distance between the sites is going to be a major factor. Bus Bus topologies are one of the simplest ways of connecting together computers. Each computer is connected to a single cable that the signal can travel between them and at either end; a terminator is used to absorb the signal. This topology is passive and computers only listen for the signal and do not move the signal further across the network. Because of this, only one device may transmit data at a time. The simplicity of this networks means that it is very easy to install initially and then later extend. It also uses a lot less cabling than other topologies and requires no expensive equipment to set up, making it also much cheaper to implement than other topologies. Whilst this network isnt the most efficient network it is suitable for small networks or temporary connections. The main problem with this topology is that is relies on a single cable which is restricted to a certain cable length (depending on the type of cable used) and this will also restrict the number of computers that can be connected. Also, in the event of this cable becoming damaged, the entire network will go down and to fix this cable can be costly and time consuming. This is a potential option. Having a Bus network at each site would be relatively simple and as each site is unlikely to expand within the shops in the future; this would not be a limitation. Each of the sites will then be connected together. Star The Star Topology is based around a single device (such as a hub, switch or router) and all the computers on the network connecting to it through UTP cables. This means that all devices have their own separate connection to the network. If a single cable has a problem, then only that computer will become disconnected from the network. As this topology commonly uses UTP cabling, it is restricted to a maximum cable length of 100 metres. This topology is most suited for much larger networks and is frequently found in larger companies. It can also handle many more connections and this makes is very easy to expand. Instead of the wires being the weak part of the network, in a star network it is the hub that causes problems if it goes down. It is also much more expensive than a simple bus network as it requires expensive hardware at the centre of all of the connections as well as more cabling. A star topology is an option for Bargain Booze. Each site would have a star network and then all the sites will then be connected with an extended star. However, the lack of number of computers at each site means that this may be overkill for the number of connections needed but the reliability makes this an option, as does the relatively short distance between the computer and the connecting device. Ring Computers linked using the Ring Topology, will always be connected to two other computers, linking all devices together. Each computer forwards on the signal to one of the devices connected to it, allowing many computers to be connected to it. This topology relies on constantly working computers, if one goes down then the entire network will stop working. It is also slower and more expensive than a star topology. Another major drawback is that when a computer is either added or taken away, there is major disruption to the network until ring is completed once again. This can make maintenance costly and time consuming and will lead to business delays. A ring network would not be an option. It is more expensive than a star network but is much more limited in what it can do and how it is used. Rings should be replaced with stars in all but a few cases. Bargain Booze will be using an Extended Star as shown in the network diagram below. Analyse potential developments in networking technology which may affect the project. The biggest potential developments are increasing bandwidth and reduced costs. Both of these could dramatically impact the network if what we need for the network was not either currently available or currently within our budget. For Bargain Booze, we do not need a high bandwidth network. As we are currently not even using all of the bandwidth available to us, any newer technologies that have more bandwidth would be too much for the network. It is also likely to be too expensive for a network such as Bargain Booze. Increased bandwidth tasks such as video conferencing would push Bargain Booze towards this, but as it is a simple business a standard wired network is possibly. Fibre Optic cabling is the next step towards higher speed networks. Even though Bargain Booze is not using high bandwidth technologies, they must still be compatible if/when the entire country switches over to fibre. The system should also be designed so that Bargain booze may switch to cabling in the future if they need to. The cost of equipment is constantly changing as newer equipment appears to replace it. Each time a new generation of kit comes out; it pushes the costs of older kit down. This means that being a generation behind is usually cheaper. Because the world of computing is constantly changing and improving; even second generation kit is almost always more than capable of carrying out required tasks. The only time newer kit is required is in extremely demanding situations. A new standard for wireless is about to be released and this is called 802.11n. It is hoped that this is the technology that will push wired users towards wireless connectivity as both speed and range are vastly improved over the existing system. It is hoped that 802.11n will double the speed of wireless and so far, testing is saying that this is true. Making wireless faster and more secure could make it a substitute for situations such as Bargain Boozes network where at the moment, wireless just isnt justifiable. Identify and calculate the cost of all the resources required.